机械设备是指: - 若干部件或零件连接在一起的组合装置,其中至少有一个零部件通过适用的驱动件、控制和功率电路等而运动,这些零部件的组合是为了某一特定的应用,特别是为了用于材料加工、处理、运送或包装; - 若干机器的组合装置,这些机器是为了达到共同的目的被组合和控制,使其作为一个整体运转; - 调整机器功能的可互换设备,这种设备投放市场的目的是用来装配在一部机器或一系列不同的机器上,或者由操作者装在牵引车上,但是这类设备不是备件或工具。 |
机械的定义:
新版机械指令2006/42/EC于2009年12月29日开始执行,其所包含的产品范围和排除条款相比旧机械指令98/37/EC有所调整,现将新的机械指令2006/42/EC的产品范围公布如下:
(a) 机械;
(b) 可互换设备;
(c) 安全组件;
(d) 举升设备附件;
(e) 链、绳和带;
(f) 可拆卸的机械传动装置;
(g) 半成品机械。
危险机械有哪些?
2006/42/EC指令对于[一般机械]与被认为特别危险的机械(附件四机械)有明显的区别。在进行符合指令规范的步骤前,很重要的一点是,先要区分出你的机器是不是附件四的机械。下列为机械指令附件四所列的“危险机械”:
1. Circular saws (single- or multi-blade) for working with wood and material with similar physical characteristics or
for working with meat and material with similar physical characteristics, of the following types:
1.1. sawing machinery with fixed blade(s) during cutting, having a fixed bed or support with manual feed of the workpiece
or with a demountable power feed;
1.2. sawing machinery with fixed blade(s) during cutting, having a manually operated reciprocating saw-bench or
carriage;
1.3 sawing machinery with fixed blade(s) during cutting, having a built-in mechanical feed device for the workpieces,
with manual loading and/or unloading;
1.4. sawing machinery with movable blade(s) during cutting, having mechanical movement of the blade, with manual
loading and/or unloading.
2. Hand-fed surface planing machinery for woodworking.
3. Thicknessers for one-side dressing having a built-in mechanical feed device, with manual loading and/or unloading
for woodworking.
4. Band-saws with manual loading and/or unloading for working with wood and material with similar physical characteristics
or for working with meat and material with similar physical characteristics, of the following types:
4.1. sawing machinery with fixed blade(s) during cutting, having a fixed or reciprocating-movement bed or support
for the workpiece;
4.2. sawing machinery with blade(s) assembled on a carriage with reciprocating motion.
5. Combined machinery of the types referred to in points 1 to 4 and in point 7 for working with wood and material
with similar physical characteristics.
6. Hand-fed tenoning machinery with several tool holders for woodworking.
7. Hand-fed vertical spindle moulding machinery for working with wood and material with similar physical characteristics.
8. Portable chainsaws for woodworking.
9. Presses, including press-brakes, for the cold working of metals, with manual loading and/or unloading, whose
movable working parts may have a travel exceeding 6 mm and a speed exceeding 30 mm/s.
10. Injection or compression plastics-moulding machinery with manual loading or unloading.
11. Injection or compression rubber-moulding machinery with manual loading or unloading.
12. Machinery for underground working of the following types:
12.1. locomotives and brake-vans;
12.2. hydraulic-powered roof supports.
13. Manually loaded trucks for the collection of household refuse incorporating a compression mechanism.
14. Removable mechanical transmission devices including their guards.
15. Guards for removable mechanical transmission devices.
16. Vehicle servicing lifts.
17. Devices for the lifting of persons or of persons and goods involving a hazard of falling from a vertical height of
more than three metres.
18. Portable cartridge-operated fixing and other impact machinery.
19. Protective devices designed to detect the presence of persons.
20. Power-operated interlocking movable guards designed to be used as safeguards in machinery referred to in
points 9, 10 and 11.
21. Logic units to ensure safety functions.
22. Roll-over protective structures (ROPS).
23. Falling-object protective structures (FOPS).
部分完成机械定义:
‘部分完成机械’指接近于机械但自身无法完成特定功能的设备。如驱动系统即为部分完成机械。部分完成机械只有与其他机械或其他部分完成机械装配在一起时方能称之为机械,从而可以应用此指令。
以下产品不属于机械指令范围:
依指令之规定,下列各项机械不属于本指令之范围(Article):
(a) 由原始机械的制造商提供,用作备件替换相同组件的安全组件;
(b) 赛场和(或)游乐场使用的专用设备;
(c) 为核用途而专门设计或交付使用的,发生故障时会产生核辐射的机械;
(d) 武器,包括轻武器;
(e) 下列运输工具:
— 风险包含在2003/37/EC指令中的的农业和林业拖拉机,但安装在这些车辆上的机械除外,
— 1970年2月6日关于使各成员国有关机动车辆及其挂车型式认可的各项法律趋于一致的理事会指令70/156/EEC所涵盖的机动车及其挂车(1),但安装于这些车辆上的机械除外,
— 2002年3月18日关于两轮或三轮摩托车型式认可的欧洲议会和欧洲联盟理事会2002/24/EC指令(2)所涵盖的车辆,但安装于这些车辆上的机械除外,
— 专门用于比赛的机动车辆,和
— 空运、水运和铁路线路中的运输工具,但安装于这些运输工具上的机械除外;
(f) 海轮及近海移动设施,以及安装在其甲板上的机械;
(g) 为军用或警用专门设计和制造的机械;
(h) 为研究目的而专门设计和制造的实验室临时使用的机械;
(i) 矿用卷扬传动装置;
(j) 文艺表演期间用于移动演员的机械;
(k) 1973年2月19日关于协调各成员国用于某些电压(低电压)范围内的电气设备法律的理事会指令73/23/EEC(1)所涵盖的下列范围内的电气和电子产品:
— 家用电器,
— 音频和视频设备,
— 信息技术设备,
— 普通办公用机械,
— 低压开关设备和控制装置,
— 电动机;
(l) 下列类型的高压电气设备:
— 开关设备和操作装置,
— 变压器。
上海舜欧(SHO)是瑞士权威检验认证集团Swiss Approval中国分公司(总部瑞士),致力于服务国内企业的各类产品认证、人员资质认证、技术培训等。我们集团是拥有授权资质的IAF和MLA成员,是在ISO17020及ISO17021框架下专业从事第三方检验认证的国际性机构,在全球20多个国家及地区设有分公司或办事处,检验或审核人员约1500名,在石油化工、机电、医疗、能源、建筑、航运等多个专业领域积累了丰富的工程经验。 |
相关阅读: